a = 2
print("The value of a is", a)


a = 2
print("The value of a is", a)
b = a
print("a =", b, "= b")


quantity = 6
item = "bananas"
price = 1.74
print(f"{quantity} {item} cost ${price}")
print("{0} {1} cost ${2}".format(quantity, item, price))

print("%d %s cost $%.2f" % (6, "bananas", 1.74))
print("{0} {1} cost ${2}".format(6, "bananas", 1.74))
print("{quantity} {item} cost ${price}".format(quantity=6, item="bananas", price=1.74))
print("{2}.{1}.{0}/{0}{0}.{1}{1}.{2}{2}".format("foo", "bar", "baz"))
print("{x}/{y}/{z}".format(x="foo", y="bar", z="baz"))
a = 2
print("The value of a is", a, sep="")
print("hello", "world", sep="\n")
print("home", "user", "documents", sep="/")
print(1, "Python Tricks", "Dan Bader", sep=",")
print("node", "child", "child", sep=" -> ")


print("Checking file integrity...", end="")
# (...)
print("ok")


print("Mercury", "Venus", "Earth", sep=", ", end=", ")
print("Mars", "Jupiter", "Saturn", sep=", ", end=", ")
print("Uranus", "Neptune", "Pluto", sep=", ")


print("12", "02", "2020", sep="-")


print("12", "02", "2020", sep="-", end="\n\n\n")
print("Hi!")


print("12", "02", "2020", sep="-", end="\nto the future")
print("Hi!")


import math

print(f"The value of pi is approximately {math.pi:.3f}.")


print('We are the {} who say "{}!"'.format("knights", "Ni"))


print("{0} and {1}".format("spam", "eggs"))
print("{1} and {0}".format("spam", "eggs"))


print(
    "This {food} is {adjective}.".format(food="spam", adjective="absolutely horrible")
)


print("The story of {0}, {1}, and {other}.".format("Bill", "Manfred", other="Georg"))


import os

print("Hello, " + os.getlogin() + "! How are you?")
print(f"Hello, {os.getlogin()}! How are you?")
print("My name is", os.getlogin(), "and I am", 42)


def get_name_and_decades(name, age):
    return f"My name is {name} and I'm {age / 10:.5f} decades old."


print(get_name_and_decades("Maria", 31))


b = "Attaché case".encode()  # Many different codecs are available
print(b)

print(b.decode())


print("{:g}".format(3.14159))
print("{:g}".format(-123456789.8765))
print("{:G}".format(-123456789.8765))


print("{0:<8s}".format("foo"))
print("{0:<8d}".format(123))

print("{0:>8s}".format("foo"))
print("{0:>8d}".format(123))

print("{0:^8s}".format("foo"))
print("{0:^8d}".format(123))

print("{0:+8d}".format(123))
print("{0:=+8d}".format(123))

print("{0:+8d}".format(-123))
print("{0:=+8d}".format(-123))


print("{0:->8s}".format("foo"))
print("{0:#<8d}".format(123))
print("{0:*^8s}".format("foo"))

print("{0:+6d}".format(123))
print("{0:+6d}".format(-123))

print("{0:-6d}".format(123))
print("{0:-6d}".format(-123))


print("{0:*> 6d}".format(123))
print("{0:*>6d}".format(123))
print("{0:*> 6d}".format(-123))

print("{0:.0f}, {0:#.0f}".format(123))
print("{0:.0e}, {0:#.0e}".format(123))


print("{0:05d}".format(123))
print("{0:08.1f}".format(12.3))


print("{0:>06s}".format("foo"))
print("{0:*>05d}".format(123))


print("{0:,d}".format(1234567))
print("{0:_d}".format(1234567))

print("{0:,.2f}".format(1234567.89))
print("{0:_.2f}".format(1234567.89))


print("{0:8.2f}".format(1234.5678))
print("{0:8.4f}".format(1.23))

print("{0:8.2e}".format(1234.5678))
print("{0:8.4e}".format(1.23))


print("{0:{grp}d}".format(123456789, grp="_"))
print("{0:{grp}d}".format(123456789, grp=","))

w = 10
p = 2
print("%*.*f" % (w, p, 123.456))  # Width is 10, precision is 2
print("{2:{0}.{1}f}".format(w, p, 123.456))
print("{val:{wid}.{pr}f}".format(wid=w, pr=p, val=123.456))
print("{0:10.2f}".format(123.456))


x = 3
y = 7
print(f"The larger of {x} and {y} is {x if x > y else y}")

age = 13
print(f'I am {"a minor" if age < 18 else "an adult"}.')